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SayPro Course in Computer Literacy 482613B
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SayPro Table of Contents
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INTERNET IN SOUTH AFRICA
The Internet in South Africa commenced when the first sustainable e-mail link was established in 1988 between Rhodes University in Grahamstown and a private home in Portland, Oregon.48 This link was later connected to the Internet. At about the same time the Foundation for Research and Development started the Universities Network (Uninet). Before that, around 1986, there were two networks between South African universities: one between Rhodes University, the University of Cape Town and the University of Natal in the south, and another between Potchefstroom University, Wits, the University of Pretoria and the CSIR in the north.
Other universities soon joined as a result of Uninet and later the two networks were connected to each other. But in 1989 access to the world-wide Internet was restricted because of the political situation in South Africa.
WHAT IS THE INTERNET?
We shall now look at some of the popular terms relating to the internet.
1. THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
2. UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR (URL)
3. HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL (HTTP)
Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) is a communications protocol that transfers information on intranets and the World Wide Web to retrieve and publish hypertext pages. The hypertext transfer protocol is in place to send out the message that a particular web browser is looking for the particular web page at the address that follows the HTTP in the address bar of the web browser window. Yet the actual process of HTTP and the request it makes is much more complicated than what any visitor to a website actually sees.
When the HTTP goes out, it is a response or request protocol between a client and a server to access a certain resource, which may be a web page or other graphic stored in the server as files. The client can be a number of things, such as a web browser, a search engine spider, or any other end-user tool, while the server is a storage area for a particular set of HTML files and images. The user agent, as the client is called, uses the hypertext transfer protocol to communicate with the server, which is also called the origin server. Between the user agent and the origin server there may also be many intermediary processes such as proxies, gateways, and tunnels, all of which work together to finish the transfer of information to the end user. The HTTP request sends a URL to the server for a file (a web page, an image, or another type of file) stored there. The URL is then sent back to the end user.
4. INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP)
5. FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP)
6. HYPERLINK
7. INTERNET CACHE
The Internet Cache Protocol (ICP) is a protocol used for coordinating web caches. Its purpose is to find out the most appropriate location to retrieve a requested object from in the situation where multiple caches are in use at a single site. The goal is to use the caches as efficiently as possible, and to minimize the number of remote requests to the originating server.
. COOKIES
Activity 2
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