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SayPro Table of Contents
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The World Wide Web (WWW)
The World Wide Web was developed by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN, the European Organisation for Nuclear Research, in Geneva. This menu-based system, which was originally envisioned as an internal document-management system, now organizes Internet resources throughout the world into a series of hypertext-linked menu pages.
· Graphics, file transfers, video, and audio can also be integrated to form an audio/visual presentation of information. Much of the data is stored as codes and ASCII characters (HTML), which are downloaded and interpreted by client-side browser software packages such as Netscape Navigator or Microsoft’s Internet Explorer.
· Although the Web is a collection of independently owned computers, they all work together as one Internet service. A Web portal, such as Yahoo.com, serves as an entry point to the Internet. Multimedia objects and pages use hyperlinks to seamlessly interconnect.
· The Web page of a site often provides an introduction to the rest of the site is called the site’s home page. If a Web site is thought of as a magazine, then the home page can be thought of as the magazine’s cover page. The highlighted type (sometimes underlined) of a Web page is hypertext, which links the on-screen page to other documents, or Web sites.
· Hypermedia connects the data on pages, allowing users to access topics in whatever order they want. Web plug-ins can help provide additional features to standard Web sites.
· Macromedia’s Flash and Real Player are examples of Web plug-ins. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard page description language for Web pages and is used to create a unique, hypermedia-based menu on the user’s computer.
· Web authors work with a set of standards to create their pages so that the type of computer and software being used to access the site will not have an impact on appearance and function. These standards consist of a series of tags that tell the browser software the manner in which enclosed pages, text, or images need to be displayed. Other emerging standards include Extensible Markup Language (XML), Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), Dynamic HTML (DHTML), and Wireless Markup Language (WML).
· New software has also been developed to work with the new Web environment. In addition, a programming language called Java allows small programs called applets to be embedded within HTML documents.
Web Browsers
· A Web browser creates a unique, hypermedia-based menu on your computer screen that provides a graphical interface to the Web. The menu consists of graphics, titles, and text with hypertext links. Through hypermedia links, you can access Internet resources, including text documents, graphics, sound files, and newsgroup servers. Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple Computer’s Safari are some of the most popular Web browsers today.
· Small programs called applets can be embedded in Web pages to allow Web users to view more complex graphics, audio, and visual material. Web browsers also offer increased functionality through plug-ins. A Web browser plug-in is an external program that is executed by a Web browser when it is needed.
· Search Engines and Web Research In order to find specific Web sites, Web search tools called search engines have been developed. Most are free and enable users to find desired sites in a variety of ways. Popular search engines include Yahoo!, Google, Ask Jeeves, and AltaVista.
· Another tool that can be used to search for information on the Internet is a meta-search engine. A meta-search engine submits keywords to several individual search engines and returns the results from all search engines queried. Ixquick, ProFusion, and Dogpile are examples of meta-search engines.
Some Important Web Terms:
· WWW: Also called the Web, or World Wide Web. See previous page for full definition.
· Web Browser: A piece of software used to navigate the Web. Internet Explorer and Netscape are web browsers. Learn more about web browsers in Unit 2.
· GUI (Graphical User Interface): A GUI (pronounced GOO-ee) takes advantage of your computer’s graphics (picture) capabilities to increase ease of use. For example, the buttons you point and click to surf the web is part of your web browser’s GUI. Most operating systems include a GUI, such as Windows and Mac OS. In the past, there was no pointing and clicking; rather, the user had to know a command language to operate the computer.
· HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): The formatting language used to create web documents.
· Hypertext: The system of electronically linking words or pictures to other words or pictures.
· URL (Uniform Resource Locator): Each web page has its own address on the Internet, which is called a URL. To recognize one another over the Internet, computers convert human-friendly addresses like www.bluebridge.co.za to numerical IP addresses. You may type in either 216.119.102.26 (strivingmind.co.za’s IP address) or www.bluebridge.co.za (our human-friendly domain name) to get to our homepage.
· HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): You may have noticed the http:// preceding URLs. For example: http://www.bluebridge.co.za. The first part of the URL, usually HTTP, indicates the file type. HTTP, the system for transferring web documents, defines how messages are formatted and transmitted over the Internet.
Activity 2
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